buzz /bʌz/
ажиотаж, суета
If a place has a buzz, lots of exciting and interesting things happen there. A buzz is also the feeling of excitement and happiness that you get from doing something exciting
Collocates: a real buzz | a buzz about something
It’s expensive to live there, but London has a real buzz.
I get a real buzz every time I step onto the stage (start performing in public)
There’s a fantastic buzz about Cardiff at the moment
chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk/
хаотичный
A chaotic situation is one in which lots of things are happening at the same time and in a very confused and disorganized way
the city is busy, chaotic, and noisy
it gets very chaotic in the shop during the weeks before Christmas
conditions at the airport were chaotic, with travellers sleeping on the floor for a second night
it was difficult to stay calm in such a chaotic situation
choke /tʃəʊk/
задыхаться
if you choke, you have a lot of difficulty breathing because you cannot get air into your lungs easily.
Collocates: choke on something | choke to death
the smog here is awful – you have to wear a mask or you’d choke on the fumes
Isabel nearly choked on a piece of meat
he lay in bed, coughing and choking
two of the prisoners choked to death on the toxic smoke
congested /kənˈdʒestɪd/
перегруженный
roads that are congested have a lot of traffic on them, so everybody moves very slowly
the M25 around Heathrow is always congested
the congested streets of Bangkok
Oxford’s roads are congested, polluted and dangerous
plan your journey in advance to avoid congested areas
crammed/kənˈdʒestɪd/
переполненный, втиснуться
crammed means too full of people or things
the bus was so crammed I couldn’t find a seat
they’ve crammed a lot of study into such a short period of time
we all crammed into his tiny car for the trip
crumble /ˈkrʌmbəl/
раздробленный
to break apart into small pieces is to crumble
the old wall started to crumble after the rain
the cookie crumbled in my hand
many of the buildings in the area are old and starting to crumble
derelict /ˈderəlɪkt/
покинутый, заброшенный
when a building is derelict, it is abandoned and falling apart, and not taken care of
there are a few derelict buildings at the end of the street
it’s sad to see such a beautiful house become derelict
the old factory has been derelict for years
dingy /ˈdɪndʒi/
грязноватый, закоптелый
when a place is dingy, it is dark and not clean, and it is a bit depressing
the basement room was dark and dingy
I don’t like that bar, it’s too dingy
she’s hoping to move out of her dingy apartment soon
gated /ˈɡeɪtɪd/
огороженный
if a place is gated, it is surrounded by a fence with a gate, usually to keep people out
he lives in a gated community for extra safety
gated houses are pretty common in this neighbourhood
he pushed open the garden gate (noun)
gentrification /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
комплексное изменение городской среды в результате переселения состоятельных граждан в кварталы, заселённые неимущими
gentrification is the process of richer people moving into a poor area and making it more upscale
this neighbourhood has seen a lot of gentrification recently
gentrification can push out local residents because of rising rents
that café is a sure sign of gentrification
grind to a halt /ɡraɪnd/
застопориться, медленно останавливаться
grind to a halt means to slowly stop or get stuck
our holiday plans ground to a halt because of the weather
the old machine started grinding to a halt after years of use
littering /ˈlɪtərɪŋ/
оставлять мусор в неположенных местах
littering is the act of leaving rubbish around instead of putting it in the bin
litter = rubbish
there’s not a trace of litter or chewing gum on the pavements
the streets are covered in litter
don’t drop litter in the street
pick your litter up
clear up all the litter in the park