authenticity /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsɪti/
подлинность
authenticity is the quality of being genuine or true
she questioned the authenticity of the old painting
the restaurant is known for its authenticity in making traditional dishes
Adjective: authentic
it’s important to listen to the conversation for authentic language
by and large /baɪ ənd lɑːdʒ/
в общем и целом
generally or for the most part
by and large, the project was a success
he weather this summer has been, by and large, quite good
by and large, the feedback was positive, but there were a few criticisms
by word of mouth
по сарафанному радио
information passed on by people talking rather than in writing or through media
I heard about that restaurant by word of mouth
the band got popular mainly by word of mouth
she found her job by word of mouth from a friend
checks and balances
системы сдержек и противовесов
ways of making sure power is shared and not used unfairly in a system
the system of checks and balances keeps one group from having too much power in the government
she learned about the importance of checks and balances in her political science class
the president has a lot of power, but checks and balances help keep it under control
counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/
противодействовать
to counteract is to reduce or get rid of the effect of something unwanted
drinking water can counteract the effects of too much coffee
the medicine is taken to counteract the side effects of the treatment
cut and dried
заранее подготовленный
already decided and unlikely to be changed, clear and definite
I thought our plans were cut and dried, but now there’s a change
the rules are cut and dried – there’s no room for negotiation
every now and then
время от времени
if something happens every now and then or every now and again, it happens occasionally but not very often
the roof needs repairing, and water comes through every now and then
first and foremost
в первую очередь
you use first and foremost to emphasize what you think is most important about a place, person, or organization
Ronaldo is, first and foremost, a fantastic athlete
here and there
здесь и там
things that are present here and there exist in a few different places in an area, but not everywhere
it’s an affluent area, but there are pockets of poverty here and there
I’ve seen him here and there, but I don’t know him well
she’s been travelling and picking up jobs here and there
on and off
время от времени
something that happens on and off or off and on doesn’t happen all the time, but happens sometimes or for parts of a period of time
I’ve been learning Russian now for six years, on and off
far and wide
повсюду
everywhere or in many different places
people came from far and wide to see the show
his reputation was known far and wide
grisly /ˈgrɪzli/
скверный, ужасный
grisly means very unpleasant or causing horror, often related to death or injury
the newspaper showed the grisly details of the crime scene
he told us a grisly tale of a haunted house
the movie had a particularly grisly end that was hard to watch
hit or miss
переменчивый
when something is hit or miss, it is sometimes good or successful, and sometimes not
the weather here is a bit hit or miss in the spring
their team’s performance is hit or miss this season
law and order
закон и порядок
law and order is a peaceful state of affairs in which people obey the law
it’s the job of the police to keep law and order
the city has been working on improving law and order
there’s been a decline in law and order in the area lately
long and hard
долго и упорно
if you do something long and hard, you put a lot of effort into it over a long period of time
thought long and hard about it before making a decision
you need to think long and hard about this job offer
I’ve been working long and hard on this project
maim /meɪm/
калечить
to injure someone severely, often causing a permanent disability
many soldiers were maimed in the explosion
sthe accident maimed him for life, costing him an arm
he was maimed by a dog when he was a child
misogynistic /mɪˌsɒdʒɪˈnɪstɪk/
женоненавистник
if someone is misogynistic, they have or show a strong dislike or lack of respect for women
his comments were criticized as being misogynistic
some old movies have a surprisingly misogynistic tone
Noun: misogynist
the writer displayed misogynist attitudes in his writing
mugger /ˈmʌgər/
грабитель
a person who attacks someone to steal their money is a mugger
he was attacked by a mugger on his way home
always be cautious at night, there might be muggers around
she handed over her purse when the mugger threatened her with a knife
out and about
выбраться куда-то
out and about means being active and doing things outside of your home
I haven’t seen you for ages! are you getting out and about these days?
it’s sunny, so everyone’s out and about in the park
after his illness, it was good to see him out and about again
part and parcel
неотъемлемая часть
a necessary part of something
studying is part and parcel of student life
risks are part and parcel of any business venture
dealing with stress is part and parcel of a manager’s job
pass on
передавать
to give information or knowledge to someone else or to the next generation is to pass on
my grandmother passed on her recipes to my mom
he wanted to pass on his knowledge of carpentry to his son
it’s important to pass on traditions and stories to the next generation
rise and fall
взлеты и падения
rise and fall is the repeated movement of going up and then down
I could hear the rise and fall of his breathing as he slept
the rise and fall of empires is a common topic in history classes
watching the rise and fall of the waves is so calming
safe and sound
целый и невредимый
safe and sound means without being harmed or damaged in any way
they arrived home safe and sound after their adventure
I was worried about the package, but it arrived safe and sound
sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/
сточные воды
sewage is waste material, especially liquid, from homes and factories, which flows away through sewers
the sewage system in this city needs an upgrade
raw sewage was found to be leaking into the river
a sewage treatment plant is being built to handle the waste
shaken
потрясенный
if someone is shaken, they are upset or shocked by something bad that has happened
she was really shaken by the accident
after hearing the news, he looked visibly shaken
speck
пятнышко
a speck is a very small spot or mark
there’s a speck of dirt on your shirt
I could see specks of gold in the sand
straight and narrow
праведный путь
straight and narrow is a way of honest and moral behaviour
he’s been on the straight and narrow since he got that new job
my parents always advised me to stick to the straight and narrow
to and fro
туда-сюда
moving from one place to another and back again
she paced to and fro waiting for the news
children ran to and fro all afternoon in the garden, playing tag